Roj Hmab thiab Cov Khoom Siv Khoom Siv yog qhov tsis tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam niaj hnub thiab lub neej niaj hnub, siv tsheb, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab cov neeg siv khoom. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv cov kev sib txuas hluav taws xob muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog lawv txoj kev nyab xeeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig nrog cov nplaim taws uas muaj kev kub ntxhov ntawm cov khoom siv los ua qhov tseem ceeb. Kab lus no yuav qhia txog cov khoom sib txuas ntawm roj hmab thiab cov khoom siv yas, ua rau muaj cov qauv siv, thiab siv cov qauv ntsuas hluav taws xob, thiab siv cov qauv siv rau kev lag luam ntsig txog kev lag luam ntsig txog lwm yam.
Kev muab cov khoom siv roj hmab thiab cov khoom yas
Roj Hmab thiab cov khoom yas yog feem ntau tsim ntawm cov roj hmab, polyethylene, thiab cov tshuaj ntxiv polyvinyl, thiab cov tshuaj ntxiv (xws li cov yas thiab fillers). Their combustion process typically involves four stages: heating, decomposition, ignition, and sustained combustion. Cov kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom sib txawv ntawm cov khoom sib txawv ntau, feem ntau nyob ntawm lawv cov qauv tshuaj, thermal stability, thiab cov nplaim taws ntawm lawv cov khoom decomposition. Piv txwv li, polymers muaj cov chlorine (xws li chlorine thiab bromine), tej zaum yuav tso cov roj lom thaum lub sijhawm sib txuas, tab sis lub halogens lawv tus kheej muaj qee nplaim taws retardant nyhuv. Hloov pauv, cov ntaub ntawv xws li polyurethane thiab polyethylene yuav tsum tau qhov sib ntxiv ntawm nplaim retardants vim lawv lub siab flammity. Cov cim tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm sib txuas ua kev ua tau zoo xws li qhov kub tsis txias, nplaim hluav taws xob tawm, kev tawm kub, pa ncho ntau. Cov Oxygen Index (OI) yog ib feem siv parameter uas ntsuas cov khoom muaj peev xwm los txhawb kev sib txuas hauv qab. Tus nqi siab dua qhia tau cov khoom nyuaj hauv kev hlawv.
Qhov cuam tshuam rau kev sib txuas ua haujlwm ntawm cov roj hmab thiab cov khoom siv yas
1.Material muaj pes tsawg
Cov qauv molecular ntawm cov polymer ncaj qha cuam tshuam nws cov thermal stability thiab combusion cov yam ntxwv. Piv txwv li, cov ntaub ntawv ntim cov ntxhiab tsw ntxhiab lossis ntoo khaublig- li cov kab ntawv phenmarnch) feem ntau muaj cov kab ntxwv zoo dua qub)
2.Qhov lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev sib ntxiv
Nplaim taws retardants yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev txhim kho kev sib txuas ua haujlwm ntawm cov roj hmab thiab cov khoom siv yas. They are primarily categorized into halogen-based, phosphorus-based, nitrogen-based, and inorganic filler-based (such as aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide). Halogen - Raws li nplaim taws (xws li bromides) yog ua tau zoo heev tab sis yuav tso cov roj corrosive. Phosphorus - Raws li nplaim taws retardants suppress combustion los ntawm kev sib sau cov txheej puv, ua rau lawv ntau lub zej zog ib puag ncig. Inorganic fillers ua haujlwm los ntawm nqus cov cua sov thiab diluting oxygen.
3.Processing thev naus laus zis
Kev ua qhov kub thiab txias, sib xyaw ua ke, thiab cov khoom sib cais ntxiv ntawm roj hmab thiab cov khoom yas muaj qee yam cuam tshuam rau cov nplaim kawg. Piv txwv li, yog tias cov nplaim taws retardant tsis yog tag nrho cov dispersed, nws yuav nce txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev sib txuas lus hauv ib cheeb tsam.
Combustion kev sim ua txuj ci
Txhawm rau kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov roj hmab thiab cov khoom lag luam yas, nruj kev xeem thoob ntiaj teb thiab kev sib tw sib tshooj ua haujlwm tau tsim. Cov uas muaj xws li:
• UL 94 (US): Txheeb xyuas cov kab ntsug thiab kab rov tav ua kev ua haujlwm ntawm HB (flammable) rau v-0 (nplaim hluav taws xob nrawm).
• GB / T 2408 (Tuam Tshoj): Zoo ib yam li UL 94, nws yog siv los txiav txim siab txog qib kev sib txuas ntawm cov plastics.
• Kev ntsuam xyuas cov pa oxygen investion (GB / T 2406): Kev txiav txim siab cov pa oxygen yam tsawg kawg nkaus uas yuav tsum muaj rau cov khoom siv los txhawb kev sib txuas.
• Kev sim pa hluav taws xob (GB / T 8323): Txheeb xyuas cov pa hluav taws tso tawm thaum siv cov chaw muaj kev nyab xeeb rau pej xeem kev nyab xeeb.
Kev loj hlob hauv cov ncauj lus hauv nplaim taws retardant thev naus laus zis
Nrog cov kev cai tswj ib puag ncig ib puag ncig, ib txwm muaj {}} {{{{{{{{{{{{{{}}} pa taws ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg retardant technologies thev naus laus zis. Piv txwv li:
• Interumescent Retardant Retardant Systems: Los ntawm cov nyhuv synigistant ntawm phosphorus thiab nitrogen, ib txheej charet cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov khoom saum npoo av, cais nws los ntawm oxygen thiab kub.
• Nanocomposites: Fawm kib silicates (montmorillonite) tuaj yeem txhim kho lub thermal stability ntawm cov ntaub ntawv.
• Cov nplaim hluavtaug betardants: ntuj derivatives xws li chitosan thiab phytic acid muaj ob qho kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig thiab nplaim hluav taws xob rov qab.
Tag
Kev sib txuas ua haujlwm ntawm roj hmab thiab cov khoom siv yas yog qhov taw qhia tseem ceeb ntawm lawv cov ntawv thov kom muaj kev nyab xeeb, kev xaiv, thiab kev sim cov qauv. Nyob rau yav tom ntej, nrog kev txhim kho cov nplaim taws ntsuab retardant kev daws teeb meem yuav ua rau muaj kev nyab xeeb zoo, thiab kev thauj mus los, thiab hluav taws xob kev thauj mus los, thiab khoom siv hluav taws xob. Cov kws qhia kev lag luam yuav tsum saib xyuas cov kev tswj cov qauv hloov tshiab thiab thev naus laus zis txhim kho kom ntseeg tau tias lawv cov khoom lag luam muaj kev nyab xeeb.